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What is the ultimate goal of conducting ethical hacking?

  1. To gain unauthorized access to systems

  2. To improve security and protect data

  3. To exploit competitors’ weaknesses

  4. To gather personal information for marketing

The correct answer is: To improve security and protect data

The ultimate goal of conducting ethical hacking is to improve security and protect data. Ethical hackers, often referred to as "white hat" hackers, are hired to simulate attacks on systems in order to identify vulnerabilities that could be exploited by malicious hackers. By identifying and addressing these weaknesses proactively, organizations can strengthen their security posture, safeguard sensitive information, and ensure the integrity and confidentiality of their data. Improving security involves a comprehensive approach, including testing various aspects of the system such as network architecture, software applications, and user permissions. The overarching theme is to fortify defenses against potential attacks and reduce the risk of data breaches or other cyber threats, ultimately ensuring the safety of the organization and its customers. The other options center around unethical practices or motivations. Gaining unauthorized access, exploiting competitors, or gathering personal information for marketing purposes would not align with the ethical standards that guide ethical hacking, which is fundamentally rooted in the principles of integrity, legality, and service to organizational security.